Factors to Consider Before Merger and Acquisition

Factors to Consider Before Merger and AcquisitionCHAPTER 1Introduction1.1. punctuate to the exploreAccording to the Chambers 20th Century dictionary the research could be delineate as a Systematic sitigation towards increase the sum of crawl inledge. It was too say as An endeavor to conk out rising or collate old facts by the scientific in exerciseation of a subject or by a course of precise investigation in the Concise Oxford Dictionary. (The Concise Oxford Dictionary)Research stub in any case be delimit as the bring which table services to find something freshborn or it helpers in clarifying certain doubts about the research that was beingness through with(p) already. This research looks in to the factors that encourage crinkle constitution all oer the earth to engage in the play of spinal fusions and skills (MA). It overly examines the factors and incentives on the base of operations of which the MA invite been a continuous popular dodging for the theatres for expanding their occupancyes. wherefore and what sheath of blind drunks result engage in this move.This research withal helps the loyals to say the benefits that they digest thwart from the MA process. There be diverse vernal(prenominal) result and variegation strategies kindred franchising, licensing and Joint ventures which ar popular amongst the job disposals.This research also discussed the challenges that stiffs face temporary hookup engaging in the process of MA. MA is non an easy process beca custom it is difficult for the organizations that atomic cast 18 antecedently competing with each contrasting to join and spend a penny in concert as maven sore entity.Organizations be in possession of several(predicate) culture they atomic number 18 utilize diametrical management practices. It is very difficult for the employees to adjust to the in the altogether culture of the organization. In this research it is also red to be fo und out that what benefits that a wet can get after a successful MA process.Mergers and eruditions is an tell apart of great academic interest. There ar studies about this issue in the field of industrial economic and strategic management as well as on organizational theories. Especially in the online economic situation, where companies be facing liquidity problems and facing tough competitions from their rivals, MA is an important survival scheme as well for the organizations. With the globalization and the humanity is being a global village, the need for companies to join together and to offer the needs of the customers have to work together.The phenomenon of MA is equally popular amongst the firms with similar kind of trade as well as for the organization in different vocation. The firm that is discussed as a case remove in this research is a astronomic pharmaceutical club of the bena. After the uniting the company became the pornographicgest pharmaceutical com pany of the mankind. In year 1998 the mass of billet through the MA process was 2.4 trillion. This increases every year with more and more companies ar put oning the process of MA. In this research the case theatre of operations GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) was discussed. It is going to be evaluated in this research that how the organization benefitted from the nuclear fusion and erudition process and whether it was a successful nuclear fusion reaction or non.In this research the definitions of MA granted by different authors and the types of fusions were also discussed. The motive that attracted the organization to involve in the process of spinal fusions and scholarship and the benefits that they got from this process was also discussed.MA is a complex process that involves cardinal different companies, having their separate identity, so the problem arises in the integration process after the MA. In ordain to measure the performance of GSK the pecuniary statements are analyzed.1.2. Significance of the StudyThis research lead help in finding out the factors that encourages companies to engage in the process of spinal fusions and skill (MA). What are the factors that firms have to consider term starting the process of conjugations and sciences? It is also going to be find out in the research that why companies are victimization MA as avocation magnification strategy for the ripening of their demarcation twain in the multinational as well as local commercializes.This research ordain help in better get a lineing of the issues that are involved in the process of MA. The firms have to look at the human resource aspect of the mergers and eruditenesss preferably of just considering the financial and traffic aspect.Apart from the factors and parties involved in the process of mergers and acquisitions it is also going to be find out that what are the factors that have to be managed in the process, otherwise they impart result in the fa ilures of the unit of measurement process of MA. This field of honor will also help the companies who are planning to engage in the process of MA about the relationship amid the parties involved in this whole process.Globalization has made it easy for the firms to move with each other, plow their experiences about the grocery stores, made strategic alliances to expand their businesses. This study will help in understanding the fat that how firms are using the mergers and acquisition as internationalist business expansion strategy. It is also going to be find out in this study that why companies realize the MA to expand their businesses in the international as well as national marketplace when they have other business expansion strategies operational to them like strategic whollyiances and go ventures.1.3. Statement of PurposeThe purpose of this study was to find out that what were the factors that encouraged firms to engage in the process of mergers and acquisition? Thi s research was going to evaluate the different business growth and expansion strategies that firm are using in redact of battle to expand their businesses. As GSK was taken as case study for discussing the mergers and acquisition as a business growth strategy, it was also going to be discusses that why GSK selected MA as a growth strategy to expand their business.This research also looked into the factors that encouraged firms in general and GSK in particular to involved in MA process. It was also going to evaluated that what were the positive points, that GSK would get after their merger and what were the challenges that GSK faced in the during merger and pre merger phase .In order to evaluate the performance of the GSK in this research the financial statement of the GSK was evaluated so as to saw the performance of the company in the post merger stage. This research looked at the yearbook turnover of the GSK after their merger so as to see that how much growth company had after the merger. In this report the earning per share (EPS) of the GSK was discussed and compared over few years in order to get the feel of that how well the company was working and how much benefit, the shareholders of the company had of their MA.The purpose of doing this research to help the students, researchers and companies to understand that how they can merger and acquisition yieldively in order to expand their businesses. This research is really reformatory full for the companies who are interested in doing mergers as they summate to know through this research that what are the benefits they can get after the MA process.They will also herald to know through this research that what will be the challenges that they will have to face if they want to be a part of mergers and acquisition process. This research will provide will help the firms who are interested in the process of mergers and acquisition to understand that how they will face with the problem of cultural difference s if they are going for mergers with organizations from others cultures. They will also come to know that how important is the proper integration of cultures and integration of different department of the organization in the successful process of MA.1.4. Aims and objectivesThis research will help the companies who are planning to engage in the process of mergers and acquisitions. They come to know through this research that what factors they have to take into consideration while going for mergers and acquisitions. What are the benefits and what are the negatives of MA. Who are the parties that are involved in merger and acquisition? The research has several needs regarding mergers and acquisitions of companies, especially Glaxo and SmithKilne. Merger and Acquisitions are never easy as many companies fail in their sign steps scarce some of them succeeding as well although design of failure is high. They fail because they could not recognize the actual factors on which they are do ing mergers and acquisition. There are several factors upon which merger and acquisition takes place like HR, lack of capital, IT, lack of expertise, need for globalization and it is not necessary that companies do merger and acquisition on all factors but it depends on companies strategies and requirements as well. further in todays dynamic environment companies do merger and acquisition for increase their efficiency and effectiveness companies have increasingly used mergers and acquisitions to vary the scope and/or militant environment of their business. Other factors which are effectual in successful mergers and acquisitions are communication, corporate culture and change for surviving. In this project the researcher will discuss the factors that have impact on before, during and after merger and acquisition. Researcher will also look into the financial statement of the GSK for the last three years to pick up that whether the company grows in its market price per share and pr ice earnings ratio. That is the chief(prenominal) indicators that determine the performance of the company.1.5. Research QuestionsWhat factors encourages firms to adopt mergers and acquisitions as an international business strategy?What are the other international business expansion strategies on tap(predicate) to firm?What benefits are likely to be gained by the firm, under the international business expansion strategy in mergers and acquisitions?What factors encouraged GSK to engage in merger and acquisitions?What are the benefits of MA?What are the challenges faced by the firm while engaging in the process of mergers and acquisitions?What strategies could be implemented to enhance the international business operations?CHAPTER 2Literature Review2.1 chore blowup and Growth StrategiesBusinesses can expand or grows by number of guidances. any(prenominal) type of choice there may be, the business owners are on the hot seat because they have to construct judgments, they should co nsider the best available choice that are in line with their main objective of expanding or growing business. In order to provide an initial understanding of the primary business growth and expansion strategies, some of them are discussed here.Directly exporting, indirectly exporting with the help of middle man, producing product in the target company, Franchising and juncture ventures, strategic alliances are some of the modes that companies all over the business military man are using to expands all over the world. Apart from methods mentioned above, Mergers and acquisitions are the method that gigantic multinational companies in all business sectors are using to expand their businesses internationally as well as in domesticated market.Firms are using MA as an expansion growth strategy in order to cut down their address of unnecessary advertizing and other marketing programmes that they are using in order to come new-fangled markets with the help of MA. Companies diversif ies their businesses so that they can degrade new markets.2.1.1 Business expansion through Geographical expansionIt is the first and foremost aim of every business to grow in term of capturing new markets as well as in the financial terms. It is easy with the help of MA process, deuce companies that were frontly competing with each other and spending a surge of their financial resources on un necessary marketing their products, can join their give with MA process to capture new geographical markets. GSK after their mergers captures big market of Europe, Asia, USA and Japan. In most of the world GSK, after their merger became the biggest pharmaceutical company of the world.It is important to know that what are the methods, modern small, strong point and large businesses are using in order to expand their businesses internationally. several(prenominal) of the methods that organizations are using to expand internationally and in the local markets are as follows2.1.2 Ansoffs Grow th Matrix (Product market place Mix)In order to understand the growth strategies, one of the common business strategy frame work is called as Ansoffs Growth Matrix. This matrix is developed by H. Igor Ansoff, a strategic management guru. This matrix helped organization in establishing a direction for the growth. In this growth matrix product and market are taken against perpendicular and level axis. It helped organizations to understand the factor that how they grow their business. They can either enter the lively market with new product or they can enter the new market. (Campbell and Craig 2005)2.1.3 Market PenetrationIn this kind of growth strategy the firm very wants to sell more of its product in to the existing market. The firms want to grow their business by capturing more market share, for that firm allocates more of its resources to product development. This is less(prenominal) risky because the firm already knows the market. (Campbell and Craig 2005)2.1.4 Market Devel opmentIn this strategy the firm tries to enter the new market with the existing products. This happens when the firm wants to sell their existing product to new geographical markets in order to capture them. In this strategy firm has to invest extremely on the marketing and sales department, in order to pursued customers to purchase their product. (Campbell and Craig 2005)2.1.5 Product DevelopmentThis strategy necessitates on the development of new product for the existing markets. In this strategy the organization had to invest extremely on the research and development. Firms have to come up with new products that are in accordance with the current trends and needs/tastes of the customer. (Campbell and Craig 2005)2.1.6 DiversificationDiversification is the highly risky strategy. In this strategy firms want to sell entire new product in the entire new market for entire new customers.Diversification is of two types, related diversification and unrelated diversification. Related di versification is the one in which firms stick to the business in which it already are working. Unrelated diversification refers to the strategy where firm enters in to the entirely new business. (Campbell and Craig 2005)2.1.7 FranchisingFranchising is a business growth model in which the franchisor not just now sells the its trademarks to the franchisee but despite of that he provides the franchisee with the whole business model that includes, news report system, processes, training and technical and marketing support as well.This kind of business expansion model is very common in retail, food business, as well as in the service sector. As GSK is a big multinational company that is involved in the pharmaceutical industry so, business expansion models like Franchising are not suitable for them.2.1.8 LicensingLicensing is another form of business expansion strategy that is very similar to the franchising. It worked the aforementioned(prenominal) way as franchising but in licensing licensor only allow licensee to use their intangible summations and in return gets royalty fees on calendar monthly or annual basis. Intangible assets include patents, formulas, designs, copyrights and other intangible assets. This type of strategy was also not feasible for big company like GSK.2.1.9 Strategic AlliancesStrategic alliances are a kind of business expansion strategy in which two potential or actual competitions enters into a cooperative obligation. This is ordinarily used by the companies, that are interested in entering the markets with less risks and they want to divide their initial set appeal for starting a business.There are few other methods apart from the ones that are discussed above. just about companies used to expand their businesses by exporting, some like to go for joint ventures.2.1.10. Mergers and AcquisitionsMergers and acquisition is the method that is used by the firms all over the world in order to expand their businesses. According to a resear ch, the total volume of mergers and acquisition business in year 1998 was 2.4 trillion. Mergers and acquisition is the kind of business expansion strategy that was used by GSK. Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham were the companies that are in the resembling(p) business of pharmaceutical and healthcare products.GSK selects mergers and acquisition because it is easy for the manufacturing companies in the same trade and having almost same culture. A major factor in the mergers of the two firms was the suitability of the process for twain the organization. After the MA of the two organizations they became the largest pharmaceutical company of the world.2.2 Mergers and Acquisitions (MA)Merger and Acquisition have been discussed by the Strategists and been at the centre of management research as a quick and cost-efficient way to expand their business and to get into new unknown markets, to make out competitive advantage, to have spread risk and dominate existing market as well.2.2 Definitions of Mergers and AcquisitionMerger and acquisition is usually defined as a coming together of two companies however although people thought process merger and acquisition to have same meaning but technically its different. An acquisition can be defined as the process of fetching over of another, firm in which firms develops its own current situation by getting other firms resources and competencies (Johnson and Scholes 1999). Acquisition could also be defined by (Bowman and Asch 1996) as a process in which a firm acquired the shares and assets of other companies, liabilities and as well as its trading activities.Business all our the world are learning the fact that they have to find strategic partner, if they put up to be successful in todays globalized business world even big huge multinational companies are looking for companies in national as well as international markets with whom they can make strategic alliances.In order to operate in another country a firm has t o get license for its product get raw material or other stuff from local suppliers to meet the requirement of local or domestic content and so on. In order to overcome and nullify those difficulties firm develop global strategic alliances and strategic networks (Coffey, Cook and Hunsaker, 1994).Companies, Firms are always looking for partners with whom they can balance their strengths and counterbalance their weaknesses. This thing helps companies to declare greater sales and economies of scale (Coffey, Cook and Hunsaker, 1994). Concept of merger and acquisition is not, new in Europe. This concept is reforming the financial landscape of the global business world from the last three decades and the most number of businesses grouped together in USA. It was shown from the data available that in 1998 more than $1 one million million were spent on the activities of MA. Banking industry occupied the major part in the activity (Hitt et al, 1998).Acquisition is usually seen as a part of the growth of particular firm but some also believes that it was also lots used by firms to save their dyeing and diminishing industries. Business growth could either be external or intrinsic. Internal growth was in the form of investment in new or second arrive at plant or machinery or acquiring an existing going preserve organization i.e. the example of external growth.A firm would choose amongst the internal and external growth according to its own requirements by thoroughly perusing it as which one was more profitable.An acquisition is a bilateral agreement where the owner accepted the money and securities or the mixture of both of these in returns of the shares in existing company. (Chiplin and Wright, 1988).Chiplin and Wright (1988) verbalize that, merger could also be defined as a process in which two companies nail downd to come together to shape a new legal body.Sian Herbert Jones (1982) defined merger as a marriage between two companies of roughly of the same size . The bigger company in the process usually controlled the assets of the new entity. The shareholders of the companies will have to exchange their shares with the newly created companies.A merger can also be defined as a process in which one firm amalgamate with another firm and disappeared in the new company. All mergers were accepted by the governments as they were in accordance with the laws of the states where they actually happened as well as they were also on the official scale. (Reed S. etal 2007).The number of mergers in 1980s has far exceeds the number of mergers in 1960s. Usually in 1960sthe mergers took place between companies of same sizes and in most of cases doing the same business. But in 1980s and 1990s the trends have with eased the MA of companies of different size of business and of dissimilar type of business (Tetenbaum 1999).The tendency of the organization to present in the mergers of steep nature and the diversification type does not seem to be stop in future . Yet firm that starts merger usually attained small economic profits but regard as created by MA and that benefitted mostly to the small firm that was reached (Barney 1997).Lubatkin (1983) defined the main reason of acquiring and merger a novel firm to get better overall performance by attaining the synergism effect which is also normally described as 2+2=5effect (Cartwright and Cooper, 1993, Hover 1971) between two organizations and that at the end helps them in gaining competitive advantage (Porter, 1985, Weber 1996). (British Institute of Management, 1986, Hunk 1988, Marks 1988, Weber 1996) stated that the successful rate for the firms in the process of MA were around 20 to 60 percent.2.2.1 Different Types of Mergers and AcquisitionsMergers and acquisitions can take various forms. It depends upon the firm, a firm may choose to invest its recourses away from its current firm but within same type of business or it can decide to move to a complete new industry and invest in the a rea that is entirely new to it.There are following types of mergers and acquisition (MA). Different authors defined them as2.2.2 Horizontal MergersHorizontal merger can be defined as merger between companies that bring selfsame(a) or closely related products. It can also be defined as a combination of two or more competitor working within the same geographic locality. The merger of Carlton and Granada television on UK as both are television companies to form ITV plc was a horizontal merger same as the example of Daimler and Chrysler link up.Other examples of horizontal merger in Europe in airline industry is the Lufthansa-Swiss planetary Linkup, Air France-KLM merger and the takeover of Buzz by Ryan air are the examples of horizontal merger in recent past.(Smart and Megginson 2008)2.2.3 Vertical MergersMerger in which companies with current or potential buyer relationship combines to create a more integration company, that type of merger can is called as vertical merger (Scott, M egginson, 2008).Vertical merger can be of Forward integrating or Backward Integration. Vertical merger can also be used as a marketing tool like pass over has acquired a financial subsidiary that has make it easy for their customer to obtain finance to purchase their products (Ford Motor Credit).2.2.4 Conglomerate MergersConglomerate Mergers can be defined are of two types. One is called as product reference work merger in which firms with similar but exact line of business joins. On the other hand a pure conglomerate merger occurs between companies involved in completely different line of businesses. thoroughgoing(a) conglomerate merger is also called as classic conglomerate mergers. exquisite conglomerate mergers were very popular in 1960s but it started to declination from 1980s onwards.In year 1984 the merger of car maker everyday Motors and that of computer consulting firm (EDS) Electronic Data System is a primary example of pure conglomerate mergers.2.2.5 Concentric Me rgersIn the concentric mergers the companies major power not moved to the different kind of business as they does in conglomerate merger. In this firm expands its activities at the same time measuring stick of unity of existing activities. This can be done by acquiring technologies that can help the firm in marketing customer type (concentric marketing) or it can also be done by acquiring customers for existing technologies (concentric technology) Jones 1982.The merger of Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKlineBeecham was a concentric merger as both companies were in the business of pharmaceutical and health care products and their merger at that time created the biggest pharmaceutical company in the world.2.2.6 Strategic MergerAll merger are in some aspects are strategic mergers because they starts with having a particular strategy in mind. It can be define by authors and strategist to create an efficient merged company than that of its remerged companies.As it was explained in the definit ion of strategic merger that all mergers are strategic mergers, also the merger GSK was a pure strategic merger because they management of GSK was conscious of the fact that they was going to be the biggest pharmaceutical company in the world after that MA process and they were able to reduce their cost of producing new medicines and formulas by economies of scale after merger. They were also expecting to capture the world market by geographically expanding their business.2.2.7 Non entertain maximizing Motives and different theories of MergersThe basic motive of merger should be of maximizing shareholders wealth but unfortunately not all mergers are motivated towards the maximation of shareholders wealth. Different authors have given different theories related to non value maximizing motives.According to this theory indisposed monitored managers will pursue mergers that will not create value maximization for the shareholder but they are of the view that this will increase the a sset value of the company. They think that remuneration is linked with the size of the company, so in order to pursue their motive they initiate and do mergers.Michael Jensen (1986) hypothesizes that the mergers will use free cash flow to the process of merger that will have a negative NPV in order to expand the assets of the firm. So that they will derive greater remuneration from the firm because they are of the view that larger the firm larger will be their remuneration and they can also get personal benefits from the organization.Shleifer and Vishny (1989) purposed that the unmonitored managers try to pursue the projects that have negative NPV so as to increase the size of the firm in order to make them indispensible to the organization because they have the team that has expertise in managing the large organizations.2.2.8 Hubris venture of corporate takeoverRichard Roll (1986) contends that some managers overestimates their qualities and pursue takeovers because they are of t he whim that they have capabilities that can manage their takeover targets better than the people who are already managing that.2.3 Value Maximization and Realistic Benefits of MergersNumbers of theories are discussed regarding the benefits of MA. more or less of theories and the important benefits that firms think that they are getting from MA are as follows.2.3.1 SynergyDonald (2008) describes synergy as a simple phenomena that suggested that joining together of two companies can helped the organization in creating more share holders value than they have created while working separately. Synergy can be of two types.2.3.2 Operating Synergy (Economies of collection plate and Scope)Economies of scale and economies of scope were both considered as the part of operating synergy that any organization had after mergers. Studies revealed that both these studies are important determinants in the creation of shareholders wealth (Houston, James and Ryangaert 2001).2.3.3 Economies of Scale It can be defined as the spreading of the frozen(p) expenses that any firm had over the manufacturing level. The expenses that were considered as scale in this case were the fixed cost in the form of rent, maintenance cost of machinery, depreciation of building, drive payments, interest expenses, and property taxes. that you have to pay, no matter how much output you have. So here the cost is decreased with every unit produced e.g. if fixed cost for producing one unit id 2 and the firm is producing 1000 units per month. The cost decreased to 1, half as it was in previous month, if the firm starts producing 2000 units per month in a month and so on (Donald 2008).2.3.4 Economies of ScopeThis synergy is refers as by using specialized set of skills or assets that are already there for production related services and products. Like Honda already has infrastructure to produce engines, so they are using those infrastructure to produce items like lawn mowers, snow blowers apart from maki ng engines for cars (Donald 2008).2.3.5 Financial Synergy (Lowering cost of Capital)The financial synergies helps the organizations in the way that they can either creates higher cash flows or it can low the cost of the capital.Synergy is a stated motive in almost all the mergers and acquisition. Bide (1993) examined the motives of 77 mergers and acquisition in 1985 and 1986 and he stated that in one third of the takeovers synergy is the primary motive.2.3.6 DiversificationDiversification can be refers to the act of a company to buy a firm that was currently out of its previous main business. There were normally two reasons that encouraged firm to go for diversification. The first the acquiring company wants to take advantage of financial synergy that can help them in reducing their costs second being that with the help of diversification firms wants to enter the new product line or new product so as to spread its operation.If a firm is having slower growth rate it can increase its market share as well as increase and expands its market.Investor often perceived companies in unrelated business areas as riskier because it is difficult for top management and they are sometime reluctant and did not have enough financial resources to finance the golden opportunities available to them. (Morck, Shleifer and Vishny 1990).2.3.7 Strategic RealignmentThe strategic realignment theory that firms engaged in the process of mergers and acquisitions because they think that this is the easiest way of getting used to of the external environments. Changes came from various sources but the change that is related to the regulatory environment and technological creation is considered as the most.2.3.8 Regulatory ChangesIn recent years companies, where deregulation occurred are seen to have more MA activities. This includes financial industry, healthcare, defense utilities, media telecommunication. There is cogent evidence which shows that the takeover activity is more in deregulat ed industries than that of regulated industry (Jensen 1993, Mitchell and Mulherin 1996, Mulherin and Brooke 2000).deregulation helps in breaking down of the artificial barriers that exists in these companies. This can be evident by the facts that in now days ba

English Literature Antigone Characters Ismene

English Literature Antigone Char flirters IsmeneAntigone Characters IsmeneAntigoneAntigone by Sophocles is theatrical work that ruminates upon Hellenic mythology and culture. Antigone has several themes and cirejaculatestantial settings that can be indirectly referred or related to to in modern society. Sophocles uses various and strategic all(prenominal)y placed characters to present his converge as well as his themes. The play mainly revolves around Antigone who acts alongside her elder sister, Ismene. two are daughters of Oedipus and Jocasta. From the start, the interview is given a demoralize-headed idea of both Antigones and Ismenes characters. Both sisters have erected the solicitude of having wooly their brothers, Eteocles and Polyneices. It is at the first of the play that we see Antigones braveness. She notifies Ismene of her intentions to fall off Polyneices despite the fact that such an act is punishable by death, for Creon considers Polyneices to be a traitor and that by not having his body buried, Polyneices suffers a late punishment. She makes this declaration while being fully aware of the penalties involved and this brings to light several other things ab show up her character. The audience is able to see that she is sure-footed in her actions and will justify anything that she does. Meanwhile Ismene can be viewed as being afraid and uneager to agree to an action. She confronts her sisters commands by saying, But think of the danger Think what Creon will do (34, Prologue).This statement by Ismene create a vague feeling in the audience that Ismene is a pessimist. This view is further reinforced when she says, And do what he has interdict We are women / We cannot fight with men, Antigone (46-47, Prologue). therefore Ismene is seen seeking a way out by giving excuses that are in a sense conjugated to negative stereotypes and this makes a reflection of her pessimistic nature. Antigones actions at the beginning of the play r eflect her impulsivness and rash manner in handling situations. alternatively than try to confront Creon regarding the burial of her brother she goes ahead to bury him. Her brainish manner is in like manner seen when she doubts Ismenes promise that she will not crack any information to anybody else regarding Antigones plans to bury her brother. She does this despite the reasonable precondition that Ismene is her only sister and family member left. Her actions at this point also reflect on her indifference in carrying out actions that reflect on others. She does not seem to care about the fact that burying her brother whitethorn have unfavorable consequences on Ismene who would lose her sister and at the equal time be in a dilemma. Ismene would have to risk impressive the authorities and get her sister prosecuted so as to be a true patriot and to save her own life or stay fresh mum and be prosecuted for aiding and abetting an offense alongside her sister whom she will ultimate ly loose, regardless of what she decides to do . This scenario presents a strong argument that Ismene is considerate and lucid as she eventually decides to keep Antigones plans secret and continues to do so even when Antigone attacks her. She responds by saying, But a loyal friend indeed to those who love. (85, Prologue).This demonstrates Ismenes passive and unvengeful nature. Antigone bears responsibility well and can therefore be seen to be responsible. When brought before Creon, she admits her actions in burying Polyneices without much ado, she audaciously confesses, I do. I deny nothing (52, ODE I, Scene II). She goes ahead and justifies her action, and calmly makes it get through that she is not afraid of the punishment due to be imposed on her.. In contrast Ismene bears a sense of responsibility just identical her sister. When brought before Creon, she admits her role in Antigones crime without hesitation, she says, Yes, if she will permit me say so. I am guilty. Thi s and the ensuing exchange that follows amongst the sisters also brings to light other aspects of the sisters personalities. One of the aspects that is brought out by this exchange is that of loyalty. Both Ismene and Antigone are loyal to each other even in a situation where it is at the expense of death. Ismene is ready to die alongside her sister. At the same time Antigone cares too deeply for Ismene and does not want Ismene to suffer the punishment of death. The idea that loyalty exists between the two sisters is reinforced by the fact that Ismene, while in the face of death, defends her sister. When Antigone is declared as having lost her mind by Creon, she says, Grief teaches the steadiest minds to waver, King. (153, ODE I, Scene II). Other events that had occurred earlier in the play portray this feeling of loyalty and the sisterly love that exists between Ismene and Antigone. Both sisters place family duty above everything else. Ismenes earlier discretion at the beginning of the play can now be taken as an act of sisterly love and concern. Eurydice who is Creons wife cum queen and Antigone are emotionally impulsive. Antigone commits suicide when she is sentenced to death and confined to a vault of stone. Eurydice in turn commits suicide when she hears about the death of her son, Haemon. Hence both characters can be seen as compulsive and quick to act rather than face the harsh reality of suffering. All in all it can be said that Sophocles primarily uses the various characteristics presented by Antigone, Ismene and Eurydice to violate his play. Although of these characters are the same gender their characteristics differ greatly and this lies in with the inherent themes of the play.

Contributions Of Galileo Galilei To Modern Astronomy Religion Essay

Contributions Of Galileo Galilei To current Astronomy Religion seekGalileos Early Life and C atomic number 18erGalileo was born in Pisa, Italy. He was the oldest news of Vincenzo Galilei, a musician who made important contributions to the theory and practice of music. In the early 1570s, the family moved to Florence where they had lived for generations. In his middle teenager social classs, Galileo attended the monastery schooldays at Vallombrosa, near Florence, and then in 1581 matriculated at the University of Pisa, where he was to theatre of operations medicine but he decided to study mathematics instead.3 In 1585, Galileo left the university without having obtained a degree and for several years he gave esoteric lessons in the mathematics in Florence and Siena. During this period he designed a new form of hydrostatic balance for weighing small quantities.3 He also began his studies on communicate for the next ii decades. Galileo discovered almost ingenious theorems on gravity which brought him recognition among mathematicians, which resulted in him obtaining the ch gentle wind of mathematics at the University of Pisa in 1589. It was here where he was reported to have sh consume his students the computer error of Aristotles belief that speed of fall is proportional to weight, by dropping two objects of different weight simultaneously from the Leaning Tower of Pisa.4 His contract was non renewed in 1592, probably because he contradicted Aristotelian professors.4 The same year he was ap alludeed to the chair of mathematics at the University of Padua, where he taught geometry, mechanics and astronomy until 1610. It was during this period that Galileo made significant discoveries in both sodding(a) fundamental science and practical applied science. It was because of these discoveries that Galileo has been called the father of modern data-based astronomy, the father of modern physics, the father of science, and the Father of Modern Science.5Galileo s Work and Contributions to Modern AstronomyAt Padua, Galileo invented a calculating compass for solving numerical problems.6 He discovered the law of falling bodies and of the parabolic path of projectiles. He also studied the motions of pendulums and investigated mechanics and the strength of materials.7 In 1595, Galileo began to support the of import theory of the universe revolving around the Sun (Heliocentric forge) rather than the Aristotelian and Ptolemaic theory of the Earth at the center field of the universe (Geocentric model). The Copernican model had supported Galileos tide theory which was based on the motions of the Earth.5In the flood of 1609, Galileo heard that a spyglass had been invented in Holland. By trial and error, he quickly figured out the secret of the invention and made his own three-powered spyglass from lenses for sale in spectacle makers shops.5 Others had done the same, but what tidy sum Galileo obscure was that he quickly figured out how to imp rove the instrument, having taught himself the art of lens grinding, and frankincense, produced increasingly powerful telescopes.galileostele.jpgA Photo of The Original Galileo Telescope8By celestial latitude 1609, Galileo had built a telescope of 20 times magnification and began spy the heavens. He discovered that the moon was not smooth, as had been thought by Aristotle and in fact, there were mountains and craters present on it making it rough and uneven.9Moon1.jpg examine Showing Craters on the Moon10In January 1610, Galileo discovered four moons revolving around Jupiter therefrom proving that not all objects orbit the Earth (which was thought by Aristotle and Ptolemy).11 These moons are flat referred to as Galilean Moons.FG11_16.jpgGalilean Moons of Jupiter12These discoveries were tremendous and Galileo described them in a small reserve called The Sidereal Messenger which he sacred to Cosimo II de Medici, the grand duke of his native Tuscany. He had also named the moons of Jupiter after the Medici family referring to them as the Sidera Medicea or Medicean Stars.3 As a reward, Galileo was appointed as mathematician and philosopher of the grand duke of Tuscany.In Florence of that same year, he observed that genus genus Venus exhibited a affluent set of phases similar to that of the moon, which proved that it must orbit the Sun and not the Earth.1 This observance was among the most important in human history, for it provided the head start conclusive experimental proof that was consistent with the Copernican system but not the Ptolemaic system. According to Nicholas Copernicus heliocentric model of the solar system, the Sun is at the centre of the solar system with the Earth being just another satellite orbiting the Sun. The orbit of Venus around the sun would allow all the phases of Venus to be visible from the Earth. On the other hand, Claudius Ptolemys geocentric model, with Earth at the centre and Venus orbiting Earth, only the crescent and ne w moon phases of Venus would be observed.venus_orbit.pngPtolemaic View versus Copernican View of Venus11Galileos seeable observations of the crescent, hunchbacked and full phases of Venus provided empirical and conclusive evidence that the Ptolemaics model was incorrect. Galileo was now confirmed in his belief, that the Sun is the centre of the universe and that the Earth is a planet, as Copernicus had previously argued. Galileos conversion to Copernicanism was a key turning point in the scientific revolution.In 1613, Galileo also observed the Sun done his telescope and saw that there were dark patches present on it, (now referred to as sunspots,) which were considered to be im complete(a)ions at the time.13sunspots.gifSunspots on the Sun as Observed by Galileo through with(predicate) his Telescope14This was contrary to what Aristotle had proposed in that, the heavenly spheres and bodies were made from a divine, unchanging, perfect substance which he said was the fifth element c alled aether.15 (The four elements were earth, fire, air and water.) Aristotle held that this perfect substance, had by nature to execute perfect (uniform, circular) motion.16 Galileo observed the motion of these sunspots which indicated that the Sun was rotating on an axis which made it possible that the Earth world power be rotating on an axis as well, as required by the Copernican model. Thus, if the heavens were in fact not perfect, then the approximation of elliptical orbits (according to Kepler) was not so objectionable.11 These new facts were both unknown to Aristotle and Ptolemy.The Greeks jilted the Heliocentric model partly because they could not detect stellar parallax, which was the patent shifts in stellar positions when observed from two separate points over the pedigree of the year. Galileo observed with his telescope that the Milky Way resolved into countless single stars, which helped him argue that the stars were far more many and more distant than the Greek s had believed. With this in mind, Galileo was able to conclude that stars were so far away that stellar parallax were undetectable, thus further supporting the Heliocentric model.11In 1616, Galileo also discovered the planet Saturn which had seen as a three-body system, which was later found out to be the sound of Saturn but, he was unable to see this because his telescope was not powerful enough, viewing them as extensions on either side of the planet.DSC08891-Saturn.jpgPic26-ears.jpgGalileos Sketch of Saturn17 View of Saturn through Galileos Telescope in 161617Galileo also conducted experiments using rolling balls to demonstrate that a moving object remains in motion unless a cart acts to stop it (now codified as atomic number 7s First Law of Motion). This explained why objects such as birds, falling stones and clouds, which share Earths motion in space, should stay with Earth rather than fall behind as Aristotle had argued.11Thus, it was Galileo who had laid the final grou nd in modern astronomy (originally started by Copernicus and continued with Brahe and Kepler) which was used to land the views of Aristotle and Ptolemaic model. It was then the work of Issac Newton who put all the pieces unneurotic and demonstrated that the laws that governed the heavens were the same laws that governed motion on Earth.Galileos Writings and Publications In AstronomyMany philosophy professors had scorned Galileos discoveries because they had strongly believed in Aristotles views of utterly spherical bodies existing in the heavens. In 1610, Sidereus Nuncius (The Starry/Sidereal Messenger) was the first scientific paper to be publish based on Galileos telescopic observations which reported nigh the Galilean Moons, the craters and mountains on the Moons surface, the Milky Way and the numerous stars which it contains and the airs of planets and fixed stars.18 In 1613 he published work on the sunspots he discovered called the Letters on Sunspots. This publication al so included the full set of phases of Venus as well as the puzzling appearance of the three-body system of Saturn.In 1614 a Florentine priest denounced Galileo from the pulpit because a Pisan professor (in Galileos absence) told the Medici that belief in a moving earth was unorthodox. Galileo wrote a letter on the irrelevance of biblical passages in scientific arguments, stating that the contain of account should be adapted to increased knowledge and that no scientific individual should be made a critique of the Roman Catholic faith.3 In early 1616, Copernican books were subjected to censorship by law and that Galileo must no longer hold or defend the concept that the earth moves. Galileo remained obtuse on the subject for some years until 1623 when he published The Assayer. This book set forth his views on the mathematical formulation of scientific think as well as experiments he conducted in determining longitudes at sea by using his predictions of Jupiters satellites. This b ook was successful and got support among the high levels of Christian Churches. In 1624, Galileo went to Rome where he had a few interviews with the pontiff (Urban VIII at that time), whom he told about his theory on tides that he developed in 1616. Galileo put forward proof of the annual and diurnal motions of the Earth, whereby he was granted the permission to write a book about the theories of the universe, but was warned to treat Copernican theory only hypothetically.18 In 1630, the book titled the Dialogue on the deuce Chief World Systems was allowed to score by the Roman Catholic sensors at Rome, but they altered the title, excluding the address Ptolemaic and Copernican (at the end of the above title). The book was finally published at Florence in 1632. However, in 1633 Galileo was summoned by the Roman Inquisition to place upright trial for suspicion of heresy, on the grounds that he had been personally staged in 1616 not to discuss Copernicanism either orally or in wri ting and was sentenced to life imprisonment which was commuted to house arrest.18 The Dialogue was ordered to be burned.galilei_image01.jpgPainting depicts Galileo standing trial in Rome for his belief in Copernicanism19In 1638 at Leiden, Galileos final book was published entitled the Discourses Concerning Two New Sciences, which reviewed and refined his earlier studies of motion and mechanics. This book led Newton to the law of gravitation that linked Keplers laws with Galileos physics.ConclusionGalileo became blind before his stopping point book was published. He died at his home in Arcetri, near Florence on January 8th 1642. It was not until 1979 an investigation into Galileos condemnation called for a reversal by pontiff John Paul II and in October 1992, a grandiloquent commission acknowledged the Churchs error. Fifty years after his death the urban center of Florence erected a monument in Galileos honour in Santa Croce.800px-Tomb_of_Galileo_Galilei.jpgTomb of Galileo in San ta Croce20In December 2008, during the events to mark the 400th anniversary of Galileos telescopic observations, Pope Benedict XVI praised his contributions to astronomy. Galileo still remains one of the most important scientists of his time and even though he had a difficult liveliness and personally suffered because of his ideas, he is greatly appreciated today.

Imperialism The Elephant Among Us History Essay

Imperialism The Elephant Among Us History EssayThe expression White mans burden, coined by Rudyard Kipling, accurately represents the viewpoint which Western society has towards imperialism as it claims that it is the duty of the white man to essentially civilize other goals by converting them to Western mannerisms. Although the practice of imperialism has been justify under the pretense of improving the society, the cosmos of imperialism is a developed nation extending their author over a exotic nation for the utilization of economic gain. George Orwell writes pellet An Elephant after his service as an Indian Imperial Police officer in Burma to highlight the banish impact that imperialism has on both the loaded and the oppressors. While in Burma, Orwell witnesses the unsporting that is imperialism as he watches the British abuse their ability by pickings over the wealth of the nation and besides, from the lack of respect shown to the inhabitants since they argon tough inhumanely and their culture is in the process of organism uprootd. By the British rejecting the Burmese culture and not respecting their practices, the Burmese were treated inhumanely because of their pagan differences, causing racial tensions to arise between the groups as they became more divided. unofficialAt the start of the essay, the narrator immediately makes his unhappiness in Burma known, reflecting game on football matches where he would be jeered at and taunted. However, his discontent wasnt but the fault of the Burmese, the narrator makes it explicitly clear that he does not carry with the practice of imperialism as he sees the effect it has on the natives. Although he claims to be on the side of the natives, he also harbors a hatred towards them. afterward in the day the narrator hears news about an elephant that has g 1 must(prenominal) and is rampaging the town, so he brings his pistol with him though he has no plan of actually killing the elephant, and foll ows after it. The natives seeing the narrator with a gun, fuck off to crowd behind him and follow him to where the elephant is. While the narrator is following the haul of the elephant, he spots a victim of the rampage, an indian man whom had been killed, big(p) into the pressure of the crowd and an excuse to justify the killing, he decides to withdraw the elephant, heretofore though the elephant has now calmed down. Despite the fact that the elephant was no longer a threat, the narrator shoots the elephant, much to the natives pleasure as they will reap the bene clothes of the departed elephant. The narrator is aware that the situation could have been avoided and even considers the act to be similar to murder, however even after acknowledging those facts he states that his sole purpose for killing the elephant was not out of justice for the man it had killed, but instead for his pride, so he would not appear foolish to the Burmese.AudienceAt the beginning of the essay, the n arrator makes it clear that he is constantly ridiculed and resented by the Burmese, along with the other British officers, despite the fact that he agrees with the natives that imperialism is wrong. However, because the Burmese openly resent the British, since they are aware that they are being treated inhumanely, this except fuels the Britishs harsh treatment towards the Burmese, which creates a constant tension between the cardinal groups. Orwell writes this essay for the general frequent of Britain to convey the detrimental effects that imperialism has not only on the countries brought under British rule, but also to the British. end-to-end the essay the narrator states that the colonizers will lose their integrity and compromise their deterrent example values when they are placed in a position of power of having authority over others, much like how his own were compromised. Orwell writes the British public in order to spread awareness of the harm that imperialism is causing in the sense that the natives are being treated inhumanely as their culture is slowly disappearing receivable to the British demand in adequate westernized. The audience only sees one side of imperialism, which are the profits do from the country and using the fact that they are becoming more cultured to justify their actions, rather than to acknowledge the injustices of having the cultural and religious practices infringed upon, and generally being disrespected.EvaluationWhen the narrator decides to shoot the elephant, he justifies his actions by explaining that he feels pressured, believe that he has got to do what the natives expect of him. He wears a mask, and his face grows to fit it ( Orwell 184). Despite the fact that the narrator makes it explicitly clear that he does not privation to shoot the elephant, especially since it was calm, he feels pressured by the crowd to do what is expected of a British officer, which would be to uphold the law since the elephant has kill ed someone. Shooting the elephant demonstrates how imperialism has an effect on both the oppressors and the oppress. The British police officers act scotch in order to keep up with the appearance that they are warrant to have power over the natives, essentially causing him to wear a mask, (Orwell 181). The narrator comes to term that the British government is an unbreakable tyranny (Orwell 181) .On one side he is regarded as a wise ruler, however, he knows that his actions are wrong, though he must behave in such a way to disguise this. Furthermore, when the narrator decides to go against his moral integrity, he mechanically feels guilty, It seemed dreadful to see the great beast lying there, powerless to resettlement and yet powerless to die, (186). The narrator is aware that he is now pressure to live with his actions of going against his moral ideals, however, he sees just how immense of a benefit the dead elephant was worth to the natives. Also, the elephants unwillingness to die is mate of British colonialism, in the sense that the British were not willing to relinquish their power over the colonies they had ruled. The narrator lost his control by shooting the elephant too to the British losing its control on the colonies. Additionally, by drawing a parallel between the elephant and Britain, Orwell successfully establishes the true disposition of imperialism. For example, through shooting the elephant, Orwell highlights the switching in power in the sense that after the elephant is shot, the Burmese, had stripped his automobile trunk almost to the bones by afternoon, meaning that the Burmese took charge and assert their power over the British, and reaped the benefits of the destruction of imperialism (Orwell 186). The older officers believed that the narrator was right in shooting the elephant, while the younger officers disagreed stating that, It was a curse shame to shoot an elephant for killing a coolie because an elephant was worth more tha n any damn Coringhee coolie, emphasizing the fact that the older officers had witnessed the atrocious effect that imperialism had and believed that it was necessary to eradicate it, while the younger officers were not even aware that what they were enforcing was wrong. The narrator was justified in shooting the elephant, due to the fact that imperialism was damaging to both the oppressed and the oppressors, however, he did not shoot the elephant for the right reasons, since he did not want to appear as foolish.Annotated BibliographyGeorge Orwell demonstrates the negative impact that imperialism has on both the oppressed and the oppressors in his essay Shooting An Elephant, which was based on his experience as an Indian Imperial Police Officer. Orwell notes details as to how the Burmese were treated as a result of being colonized by the British, and also how the British were affected as well. The authors goal is to expose the true nature of imperialism and the detrimental effects tha t is had on the parties involved. Therefore, this essay is targeted towards the British public due to the fact that they were ignorant of the true nature of imperialism and had the ability to advocate against it at a time they understood the repercussions.

Why Do Young People Commit So Many Crimes Criminology Essay

Why Do Young People Commit So Many Crimes Criminology EssayThe direct of detestation had been increasing before the year of 1995. Law, sociology, physiology and separatewise disciplines tend to horizon the criminals as abnormal souls from clean point. The causes of criminal offence be criminal psychology, the genetic characteristics and social environment. They recall that younker criminal stick out no moral value and feelings, who abhorrence without clear motives and do non deem the penalty.In 1998, Stephen Levitt used the economic methods of maximized behavior, market equilibrium and stable preferences to explain the jejuneness discourtesy in his Juvenile Crime and Punishment. He believed that two-year-old offenders be in addition comp permitely just economic man, who volition c be to the full make out off the live, income balance, then seek to maximized benefits. Levitt tested the strongly direct correlativity between the snatch of juvenile shame an d juvenile justice dust punishment from 1978 to 1993. ground on this theory, this paper aims to cover the specific causes of early days curse in Canada, and analytic thinking would be made on the data of Statistics Canada. Following this, some suggestions would be collapsen on how to rationalise the human activity of early pile relegateting detestation.2.0 Discussion2.1 According to the course of the economics of shame and punishment, what are the possible determinant genes impacting on young people abuse?The causes of early days aversion are various. Crime is the consequences of different social, cultural, economic and family finickyizes (Muhammad, 2008). Generally, because in that respect are so many causes this paper select some reasons and discuss them particularly.(1) Social environmentSocial environment has long been recognized as the major(ip) cause of the jejuneness crime, which include school environment and participation environment. The worry of early days crime is not al i precisely a part of the whole fraternity. That is to say the force out of spring chicken is part of the violence of adult. The economics of crime and punishment has three as hitptions. In the beginning, everyone is a dimensionnal person who stooge decide their own behavior and maximize their benefits. What is much, whoever crimes provide suffer punishment since each one is equal and the possibility of punishment is 0 to 100 percent. In the last, the much severe punishment leave alone be given for the more than serious crime.As a calculate of fact, young people usually spend a lot succession in school, so school environment has deep influence on callowness crime. Statistics show that currently there is a sharp result trend of juvenile delinquency in the United States, and the U.S. youth homicide and felo-de-se affixd by 3.2 times in the past decade. During the same time, the ratio of aged under 15 dead because of shot is 12 times high than the ratio of opposite 25 countries combined. In recent geezerhood because of violence in the campus, the youth of United States is suffering pain rough widespread youth violence. Although among all the murder and suicide case precisely 1% occurred in the campus, the figure has an anticipation of fast growing. lag by from school, young people also spend much time in community where they shag know peers and do meaningful things to perplexher. From the assumption of the noetic economic person, community activities can help individual realize the direct best of ones own benefit. except young people are forever sensible about the others opinions so that they are influenced by others easily and then they leave behind imitate others behaviors.(2) Economic conditionIn general, poverty and unemployment of economic condition which are two major factors influence the youth crime. Between the benefits and justice, the criminals al substances select the first due to the econ omics of crime and punishment. This theory fully considered the probability of the two kinds of cost, and then looked for a method which can economize the most for the society. so the standard of estimating a policy is not depended on the justice and fairness but on the beneficial result.Firstly if one can not afford the cost of his life, the possibility he recognize to crime forget be higher. That is because he need to live but he can not receive money from a sub judice way. Through a classic Becker type toughie, economists estimate how potential criminals cost in the legitimate job market by utilise an unemployment data. The analysis shows that unemployment and crime are positively correlated in the cross-section dimension. Meanwhile the say of youth unemployment increasing leads to increases in crime. To decrease crime, it seems that all st treasuregies chosen to combat youth unemployment should be examined.Secondly poverty is a reasonable factor to understand. Despite t he benefit corpse of the whole society has been designed to fulfill occasional needs of each person, the gap of the poor and the ample are becoming deeper and deeper. The reason why young people hallow crime is they do not want to work and the cost of crime can ignore easily.(3) Family effect alone in all, there are many aspects in the family structure which can lead to youth crime, much(prenominal) as family clash, parents low income, ignorance of parents, lack of chat, family breakup, family violence, and so on. Improvements in all occult areas should be focused on by crime prevention. In vow to design the policy more effective, each factor should be identify the contribution to the youth crime.To begin with, as a proverb give tongue to a persons character is broadly speaking from his family or the environment he live. With the increases of divorce, family concord is broke up. Young people themselves do not have overflowing knowledge to differ the baffling from the g ood, so they need their parents help. If they do not receive plentiful information and supervision, the possibility of crime will farm higher.What is more, neighborhood effects on crime and delinquency for male and feminine youth is an important fact. According to an experiment evidence, female youth arrested for furious and attribute crimes are relative to a group which has many members from lower-poverty areas. In opposite, males arrested decreases for unwarranted crime, at least in the short time, but increases property crime. The different treatment between male and female youth effects appears to mirror differences in what disadvantaged backgrounds male and female youths from and how each grammatical gender responds to same refreshing neighborhood environments.2.2 Explain the data about youth crime at Statistics Canada. Use econometrics methods to analyze the specific reasons of the increasing flake about young people crime in Canada.(1) Rates of youth crimeAccording to the data of Canada given (Statistics Canada, 2006), the place of youth tough crime and total sorry order offences (excluding dealings) climbed up while the rates of property crime dropped from 2005 to 2006. In 2006, there are almost 180,000 young people involved in some crime of the Criminal Code, excluding traffic offences. This means that in this age group nearly 6.8% youth crime accused. Both the total amount and rate of young people charged for homicide got their highest point during the past two decades. Among the young people, the number of youth violent crimes nearly divvy ups up one quarter of the total number for youth committing crime. offspring crimes reported for Criminal Code offences20062005-20061997-2006Number of youth chargedNumber of youth cleared by means other than charging organic youth accusedYouth crime rateYouth crime rate% change in total youth crime rateViolent crime20,50018,97239,4721,528312Property crime25,78039,68165,4612,534-3-34 another(prenomina l) Criminal Code offences27,66145,27172,9322,823934Criminal Code(excluding traffic)73,941103,924177,8656,8853-6do drugs offences6,38211,50917,891693297From The Juristat Youth crime in Canada,2006, Vol.28, no.3From the table higher up, the rate of property crime has a sharp chastise and become the lowest point of the past decade. That is to say, the poverty reason of youth crime gets less influence on the behavior of young people. However the rate of drug offences has a surprising increase and it has become the major factor of youth crime. The table also shows there are polished climbing on the rates of violent crime and other Criminal Code offences.(2) Consequences of youth crimePeople are affected by crime on many aspects, usually young people are innocent about the law and punishments they choose to commit crime blindly only for the money they want or a way to let off their feelings. As a result, violent and drug substance scream have bad effects on young people daily life an d the security of the whole society cannot be guaranteed. Parents will restore their children security and maybe they cannot work with all their enthusiasm. Each youth will be afraid of going to school since there are so many violent crimes on campus.(3) Analysis of regression (RSS)Firstly gibe to the table the rates of poverty crime and the rates of Criminal Code (excluding traffic) declined so that the two rates have little effects on the youth crime, in order to build model more easily, the above two referred rates will be removed.Secondly a model should be built to determine whether the three rates left have relations with youth crime then some reasons can be given clearly. Through the data of model, a result of the RSS will be introduced in the following content.Equation y =+1 x1 +2 x 2 + 3x 3+In the equation, y indicates the rate of youth crime while x1 x 2 x 3 are by the piece on behalf of violent crime, other Criminal Code offences and drug offences. 1 2 3 are parameters represent the relation of x and y. giveCo cost-efficientsStandard errorT StatP-valueLower95 %Upper95 %Intercept-0.05770.006621-18.34025.28E-08-0.083423-0.05553XVariable10.00024235.038E-0510.6966.35E-090.0014390.00438XVariable20.0058737.341E-0512.3724.67E-120.079630.00634XVariable30.082121.287E-050.352718.35E-086.657E-058.342E-05= -0.0577 1= 0.0002423 2 = 0.005873 3= 0.08212Equation y =-0.0577+0.0002423 x1 +0.005873 x 2 + 0.08212x 3+(4) The specific reasons of youth crime in CanadaOn the one hand, drug and substance subvert is the most important factor contributed to the rate of youth crime. This factor has become the dominant strength for youth crime which mostly comes from the lack supervision of the environment young people live. The rate of drug-related youth crime has increased dramatically compared with 10 years earlier. Drug and substance abuse will not only have bad effects on youth mentally but also it will damage the health of young people that can not recover easily. The pressure may be from family, school and the inside of youth heart so others can not discover in a short time.On the other hand, the rates of violent crime and other Criminal Code offences are climbing up slightly. The reason is mostly from the social factors which include poor impulse control, lack of communication and the imposture of others behaviors. Aside from the mental factor, it is true young people usually get a lot of pressure from the surroundings, if they can not find a legal way to relieve their feelings the probability they chose to crime will be climb up. Even some of young people view crime as a pleasure that is awful, and this kind of thought mostly comes from the media and films. They commit crime for fun, it will damage others benefits eventually so will the youth.All in all, it is necessary to control the number of youth drug crime which has become the most serious problem of the society. Meanwhile lack of family communication and school correct guide can also le ad to young people committing crime. That is to say young people always know vigor about their behaviors and what bad results will happen to the persons they maybe hurt.3.0 Based on the economics theory and the information in this article, what advice would you give organizations in reduce the rate of young people crime?First for the dramatic increase in the youth drug and substance offences, it is necessary to redesign the design of youth education. Currently there are still many people who do not realize the importance of the education, even the people with higher education. In order to broadcast the essence of education, a new system of education should be designed and displayed among persons from one to another. If a young person receives higher education, he can get a job more easily and the possibility of crime will get down. In a long run, the awareness of whole society will decrease the rate of unemployment so that the number of crime can be controlled completely.Secondly it is efficient to reduce the drug availability since the problem of drug and substance abuse is the most serious one. To make fewer people get admission charge to dangerous drugs availability of it is needed to be cut short. A drug addicted young person may work without enough anxiety and thus cannot afford his/her drug expenses. As a result youth may crime so that they can get money they need. governance should carry out effective ways to reduce the drug availability, and give severe punishment once the drug criminals are accused. A memorialise of each criminal activities and asset possession etc. should be well-kept by the patrol system, and all vehicles must be registered in a platform so that it is easier to find the criminal track. Youth may consider more about the result of the crime with the fear of their record on previous crime.Thirdly it is necessary to enhance the law forcing agencies. Since the number of youth crime is climbing up, it is obvious that more police n eeded. To improve the police attitude about work, the environment they work should be improved and the problem in their life should be solved as soon as possible. The train of the police is necessary because offenders will commit more crimes when they think the police cannot have enough capacity to catch them. If the whole level of forcing agencies is improved, offenders will think more deeply about committing a crime. Youth stealing goods usually sells them to get money they want. There are special markets to recycle the stolen good for sale. If these markets are forced to close in law, goods youth stolen cannot find a method to change money. As a result, the motivator of stealing or robbing goods can be decreased.At last, youth crime has become a serious problem which needs government and citizen front together to solve. Aside from the measures above, there are still some other methods which can be taken to control the youth crime. For example, if government can supply more empl oyment opportunities, the rate of youth crime will fall. Besides, reducing of poverty and inequality is also a good way to control the number of youth crime. The inequality can be declined by correct tax policy with fair consideration.The rich should be levied more heavily than the poor so that the poor can receive more help from the government and the increasing minimum of wage in the country. When the number of young people getting work is increasing, the chances of their criminal activities will fall.4.0 lastThrough the analysis of the Canada database in 2006, building a model and using the RSS method it is obvious to see there are three reasons contributed to youth crime. The most important one is drug and substance abuse which take up more than 90% of the whole youth crime. Following it is other Criminal Code offences and violent crime. The conclusion is these three reasons take up almost all the youth crime which should be given enough attentions. In addition, there are many bad consequences of youth crimes which can influence the young people themselves, the family they live and even the whole society. Thus it is necessary to take measures immediately to solve the problem of youth crime.To sum up, young people is the hope of the whole country so how to reduce the number of youth crime has many relations with the future of the country. Based on the theory and data, the reasons why young people commit crime are given properly, and the government should take some measures according to these reasons in order to control youth crime. Meanwhile lack of family communication has bad effects on the children in their growth, and this can lead to a serial of problems in the society. Government must call parents for their responsibilities to their children, only by doing so can be the problem solved completely. Through the government, family, and the whole society cooperate each other closely, make sure each young person realizes the bad effects of the crime so t hat a new social environment will be formed.

Comparison of US Bill of Rights and The Canadian Charter of Rights Essa

BACKGROUND OF THE BILL OF RIGHTSThe United States load of Rights came into being as a result of a promise make by the Fathers of confederation to the states during the struggle for ratification of the Constitution in 1787-88. A great physique of the states made as a condition for their ratification, the accession of amendments, which would guarantee citizens certificate of their rights against the fleshy government. Thus, we name a rather interest situation in which the entrenchment of a bill of rights in the American Constitution was do by the virtual demand of the states, they themselves fearing a central government which was non legally constrained and restricted as further as its powers were concerned. The resulting bill poster of Rights is appended to the American Constitution as the first tenner amendments. These amendments automatically became an constitutive(a) part of the original document, making them part of The absolute Law of the Land. It was whence actu ally entrenched, as the phrase is used in Canadian terminology. The American Civil War had a very gravid effect upon the American Constitution and upon American constitutionalism generally. The Civil war had hence been fought over a question of states rights, among other things, and the states rights interpretation had actually broken and was, to a degree, a casualty of the wartime period. Further, that casualty was swiftly hammered into its place by collar amendments which were enacted in 1865, 1868 and 1870 the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. The Fourteenth Amendment eventually became the heart and nous of the modern American Constitution. Most of the legal contends environ the United States pen nib of Rights put up been to make it a truly field document such that states whitethorn non frustrate its provisions. The Fourteenth Amendment in the end made this possible. A more sudden, but mayhap equally profound event is the credence in 1982 of the C anadian pursue of Rights and Freedoms. Whereas before the adoption of the Charter Canadian legislatures were supreme, having power without limit in spite of come inance their jurisdictions, they now have debatable supremacy within altered jurisdictions. Moreover, although no powers or rights have been explicitly reserved to the stack, supporters of the charter nevertheless appear to give Canadians consent that the possibility may exist.COMPARISON OF B... ...wo constitutional documents may be homogeneous in respect to their provisions respecting rights, it would not needs follow that claims of trespass of rights would receive the same response from the courts of both nations. A proper summary of why this is so would require a book-length method of accounting of the constitutional and policy-making history of Canada and the United States. It would include but would not be modified to the selection and role of judges, the role of legislatures and political leadership, the attitudes and practices of the practice of law and administrative agencies, and, not least, popular attitudes towards rights, minorities, and government. In short, the whole of a peoples right smart of life.BibliographyMcKercher, William R., ed. The U.S. Bill of Rights and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Toronto Ontario Economic Council, 1983Dumbauld, Edward. The Bill of Rights and What it Means like a shot Norman University Of Oklahoma Press, 1977.Steven Talos, Michael Liepner and Gregory Dickinson. Understanding The Law Toronto McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd, 1990.Black, Charles L. The community and the Court discriminative Review in a Democracy stark naked York Macmillan, 1960. Comparison of US Bill of Rights and The Canadian Charter of Rights Essa BACKGROUND OF THE BILL OF RIGHTSThe United States Bill of Rights came into being as a result of a promise made by the Fathers of Confederation to the states during the struggle for ratification of the Consti tution in 1787-88. A great number of the states made as a condition for their ratification, the addition of amendments, which would guarantee citizens protection of their rights against the central government. Thus, we have a rather interesting situation in which the entrenchment of a bill of rights in the American Constitution was done by the virtual demand of the states, they themselves fearing a central government which was not legally constrained and restricted as far as its powers were concerned. The resulting Bill of Rights is appended to the American Constitution as the first ten amendments. These amendments automatically became an integral part of the original document, making them part of The Supreme Law of the Land. It was then actually entrenched, as the phrase is used in Canadian terminology. The American Civil War had a very profound effect upon the American Constitution and upon American constitutionalism generally. The Civil war had indeed been fought over a question of states rights, among other things, and the states rights interpretation had actually lost and was, to a degree, a casualty of the wartime period. Further, that casualty was swiftly hammered into its coffin by three amendments which were enacted in 1865, 1868 and 1870 the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. The Fourteenth Amendment ultimately became the heart and soul of the modern American Constitution. Most of the legal battles surrounding the United States Bill of Rights have been to make it a truly national document such that states may not violate its provisions. The Fourteenth Amendment finally made this possible. A more sudden, but perhaps equally profound event is the adoption in 1982 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Whereas before the adoption of the Charter Canadian legislatures were supreme, having power without limit within their jurisdictions, they now have debatable supremacy within altered jurisdictions. Moreover, although no powers or rights have been explicitly reserved to the people, supporters of the charter nevertheless appear to give Canadians hope that the possibility may exist.COMPARISON OF B... ...wo constitutional documents may be similar in respect to their provisions respecting rights, it would not necessarily follow that claims of violation of rights would receive the same response from the courts of both nations. A proper analysis of why this is so would require a book-length account of the constitutional and political history of Canada and the United States. It would include but would not be limited to the selection and role of judges, the role of legislatures and political leadership, the attitudes and practices of the police and administrative agencies, and, not least, popular attitudes towards rights, minorities, and government. In short, the whole of a peoples way of life.BibliographyMcKercher, William R., ed. The U.S. Bill of Rights and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Toronto Onta rio Economic Council, 1983Dumbauld, Edward. The Bill of Rights and What it Means Today Norman University Of Oklahoma Press, 1977.Steven Talos, Michael Liepner and Gregory Dickinson. Understanding The Law Toronto McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd, 1990.Black, Charles L. The People and the Court Judicial Review in a Democracy New York Macmillan, 1960.

George Babbitt of Sinclair Lewis Babbitt Essay -- Lewis Babbitt Essay

George line Image of a Presbyterian In line, Sinclair Lewis portrays religion as a bodge business. In fact, he emphasizes this by focusing on his chief(prenominal) region George line. George line is characterized as a businessman in Zenith. He is a man preoccupied ab extinct his reputation and his find out before the main leaders of the town he lives in. Lewis creates a hypocritical figure for Babbitt through his reasons for be a Presbyterian. He says that if you were to head word Babbitt close his religion he would say, My religion is to serve my swearing men, to honor my comrade as myself, and to do my bit to make support happier for one and for completely (199). Of course, if you heard this from Babbitt you would have the idea that Babbitt was a professedly Presbyterian. Lewis says that if you were to persist with the same question Babbitt would thence reply, Im a element of the Presbyterian church, and naturally, I accept its doctrines (199). This would make Babbitt grammatical construction even better. being from the Presbyterian Church, the richest church in Zenith, he would be a man healthful set with good morals. However, Lewis points at G. Babbitts true reasons for being in the Presbyterian Church. He was really a Presbyterian for his reputation. By participating in the services of the Presbyterian Church, Babbitt was able to hide his human flaws and give himself an envision of a expert man (Lewis 199). George Babbitt was asked by Dr. Drew to dish improve the sunlight School at Zenith. Lewis shows that Babbitts acceptance to carry out this task was through to form a business relationship with Mr. Eathorne, the chairwoman of the First recite Bank of Zenith. Nothing gave Babbitt more purifica... ...nd funds Works Cited Lewis, Sinclair. Babbitt. in the buff York Signet, 1922. Miller, Park Hays. Why I am a Presbyterian. New York doubting Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1956. PCUSA clergy, laity, differ on gambling. Christian Century 13 Sept. 2000 <http//www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m1058/25_117/65702740/print.jhtml>. The Presbyterian General Assembly. The Christian Century 17 June 1926 784-789. Scanlon, Leslie. Council will be asked to omission $2.5 million from reckon Reducing frequency of Assemblies endorsed. Outlook 29 Jan. 2002 <http//vivisimo.com/ see?query=%22Presbyterian+Church+U.S.A%22+%2B+expenditur- es&v%3Asources=Fast%2COD%2CMSN%2Clooksmart%2Cnetscape>. Smith, Elwyn A. The Presbyterian Ministry in American Culture. Philadelphia Westminister Press, 1962. George Babbitt of Sinclair Lewis Babbitt Essay -- Lewis Babbitt EssayGeorge Babbitt Image of a Presbyterian In Babbitt, Sinclair Lewis portrays religion as a corrupt business. In fact, he emphasizes this by focusing on his main character George Babbitt. George Babbitt is characterized as a businessman in Zenith. He is a man preoccupied about his reputation and his image befor e the main leaders of the town he lives in. Lewis creates a hypocritical figure for Babbitt through his reasons for being a Presbyterian. He says that if you were to question Babbitt about his religion he would say, My religion is to serve my fellow men, to honor my brother as myself, and to do my bit to make life happier for one and for all (199). Of course, if you heard this from Babbitt you would have the idea that Babbitt was a true Presbyterian. Lewis says that if you were to persist with the same question Babbitt would then reply, Im a member of the Presbyterian Church, and naturally, I accept its doctrines (199). This would make Babbitt look even better. Being from the Presbyterian Church, the richest church in Zenith, he would be a man well set with good morals. However, Lewis points at G. Babbitts true reasons for being in the Presbyterian Church. He was really a Presbyterian for his reputation. By participating in the services of the Presbyterian Church, Babb itt was able to hide his human flaws and give himself an image of a respectable man (Lewis 199). George Babbitt was asked by Dr. Drew to help improve the Sunday School at Zenith. Lewis shows that Babbitts acceptance to carry out this task was done to form a business relationship with Mr. Eathorne, the president of the First State Bank of Zenith. Nothing gave Babbitt more purifica... ...nd money Works Cited Lewis, Sinclair. Babbitt. New York Signet, 1922. Miller, Park Hays. Why I am a Presbyterian. New York Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1956. PCUSA clergy, laity, differ on gambling. Christian Century 13 Sept. 2000 <http//www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m1058/25_117/65702740/print.jhtml>. The Presbyterian General Assembly. The Christian Century 17 June 1926 784-789. Scanlon, Leslie. Council will be asked to cut $2.5 million from budget Reducing frequency of Assemblies endorsed. Outlook 29 Jan. 2002 <http//vivisimo.com/search?query=%22Presbyterian+Church+U.S.A%22+%2B +expenditur- es&v%3Asources=Fast%2COD%2CMSN%2Clooksmart%2Cnetscape>. Smith, Elwyn A. The Presbyterian Ministry in American Culture. Philadelphia Westminister Press, 1962.

Falling Down Essay -- essays papers

Falling Down The 1993 film dropping down provides a look into two separate mens lives in the course of one daytime. Although the movie was highly acclaimed for its portrait of the new human situation, the covert and overt racism, sexism, and classism leave a turn over taste in this viewers mouth. The movie comes across as a lame attempt to show the White mans ever growing burden. The audience is expected to feel a pity for both lead graphemes. The message that is supposed to be pictured is comparable to films of today such as fight club and American beauty. whole three pointing at what they see as specific flaws yet crack up no real solutions to these problems. With these flaws in this system pointed out Michael Douglas character William Foster is held up as a martyr. He is not portrayed as a real villain done out the story. both(prenominal) men feel the strain of society the difference is the way individually chooses to express this frustration. The first scene b oth main characters are stuck in a huge traffic jam. Sick of waiting William Foster leaves his automobile in search of a way to come home to his wife. subsequently leaving his car the second main character, Detective Pendergast, is shown commenting that it is his last day on the force. The two are contrasted Pendergast is able to work within societies boundaries speckle Bill has rejected the society that has rejected him. In this time in that location is an obvious comparison between the two that will become reoccurring through out the ...

The Euro :: essays research papers

The Euro has proven to have many emolu ments for the atomic number 63an Union, putting them on the means for governmental solidarity. With the Euro comes the elimination of exchange-rate fluctuations, making the fluctuations of currency values crossways atomic number 63 a thing of the past. Price transp arncy is another advantage of the Euro, which makes it easier to tell if the price of a product in one and only(a) state is distinguishable than the price of the selfsame(prenominal) product in another country. This encourages tilt between countries, mobilizing economies to grow and compete with each other in different markets. Transaction costs become much less of a core group to tourists and backup people alike when they do not have to eer exchange their currency from another country when traveling within the European Union. This saves both time and money, which encourages more travel between countries for tourists and business men/women. All of the advantages mentione d so far contribute to the increased trade across borders also. Again, this boosts the economy of the countries within the European Union. With the European Union and its currency, the Euro, in that location is an increased cross-border employment. Businesses are more likely to employ and conduct business across different countries with the introduction of one currency. This means a somebody could work across the border in another country since the same currency is paid to employees across the European Union. There is an increase in the financial market stability with the introduction of the Euro across many countries as well. One currency means more stability across Europe and the members of the European Union. Inflation rates are decreased, as are the raise rates, to promote the growth of markets in these developing countries. Countries that wanted to become a break up of the European Union had to shape up their economies, encouraging a growth in their markets, to keep up with the requirements of being a part of the European Union. The Euros position relative to the U.S. dollar and the potential political and economic consequences in relations between the U.S. and the European Union are very important topics when discussing trade between these nations. First, the Euro is worth 135% of one U.S. dollar. This should make it clear that we have to focus on exporting more of our goods to the European Union and its members rather than buying (importing) more of their goods during this time.

Sea-Cucumbers :: Personal Narrative Writing

Sea-CucumbersI have always puke in sea-cucumbers to be strange. If you have ever been snorkeling, you may or may non have noticed these elongated vegetables on the sea floor. I cogitate I shouldnt call them vegetables though, because they are slightly more awake(predicate) than garden-variety greenery. Instead I have dubbed them ocean-turds, because honestly, they do look the great shitting of a marine mammoth. They are also well-shaped, perfectly cylindrical turds at that I am rambling again. Forgive me.In eighth grade, my parents and I took a trip to Japan. My dad is a baseball reconnoiter, and instead of move over solo to give the Kyoto Carps the once-over, he decided to make the scout into a family vacation. I was skeptical. I dont like seafood, and hither we are, going to a country that eats raw fish and that call its baseball teams after blunt-nosed marine life.The city itself seemed a bouleversement of day and night. kindlinesss great invention, the lightbulb, mocked with overwhelming voltage, density, and quantity natures supernal fireballs. Bulbs, the imitators, the pupils of fusion, now ridiculed night with flashes from across the spectrum. As we drove into Tokyo, I couldnt believe that its citizens were able to sleep at night, what with such lambent pollution. that I was eager to walk the streets, to run into the shops that beckoned to me with signs for Sony and with gadgetry that inhabited the display windows. The hotel manner had paper walls As an American used to a rooms noiseless seclusion, I liked the idea that here, rooms were not meant to be space with a relentless fixation on privacy. I promptly made my mark. Restless after the long plane flight, I was peppy off the walls when I literally poked an extremity through one. You can ensure my surprise at discovering such fragility. I am in the Blessed land of ninjas and samurai, and I have just punched my way through a wall. Awesome I felt like the kid from Karate Kid. All that was lose was the exotic, ruminative twang and non-western modality of Asian music. Of course, my ninjas-and-gadgets glorification of the place was, alas, not meant to be. My fun and games had to be extinguished a foot had to be put down and that foot was Japans ooey-gooey cuisine. My dad was interested in one of the Carps players, and as was customary, the teams proprietor felt a strong sense of duty to take us out for a traditional Japanese dinner, so that the two of them could demonstrate arrangements for the trade.

The Radical Republican Party of the Reconstruction Era Essay -- Carpetb

During the Reconstruction Era of the Civil War, a devil new political groups began to form. The Radical Republi privy political party gained some of its sterling(prenominal) members, two groups of pack from opposite sides of the country (Hodges 1). The carpet bulge outgers and scallywags joined forces to reconstruct the South, solely they were met with controversy and criticism because of their radical worldview (Hodges 1). The carpetbaggers and scalawags goals were met with controversy then, but the group can be attributed with one of the first Civil Rights attempts within the South among another(prenominal) great achievements (Coleman Affect on Reconstruction 1). The Radical Republican Party encompassed both the carpetbaggers and the scalawags (Hodges 1). The carpetbaggers were newly joined members of the Republican Party that moved from the north to the South to make money from the Souths poverty and in turn help begin the Reconstruction in the South (Hodges 1 Muhammad 1). The carpetbagger label could encompass any well educated member of the lay class (Carpetbaggers and Scalawags 2). During the Reconstruction Era, large numbers of people were traveling from the northeasterly to the South (Muhammad 1). Since there was such a large number of people traveling during that time, a cheap way to carry luggage was in high demand (Muhammad 1). So carpetbags, which where made from old carpets, were manufactured (Muhammad 1). This bag held the owners only possessions, specifically for the carpetbaggers as they headed south (Muhammad 1). On the other hand, scalawags were Southerners who disliked secession or had fought for the Union Army (Hodges 1). The scalawag label encompassed wealthy southern landowners, displaced carpetbaggers, black freedman, former Whigs, poor S... ...a of are History and Culture. The Central Arkansas library System. October 26 2011. February 5 2014.Harris, Rodney. Minstrels Political Faction. The encyclopedia of Arkansas Hi story and Culture. The Central Arkansas Library System. October 26 2011. February 5 2014.Hodges, Mary Frances. Carpetbaggers and Scalawags. The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture. The Central Arkansas Library System. October 26 2011. January 30 2014.Muhammad, Brian. Carpetbaggers in Reconstruction Definition, Lesson & Quiz. Education Portal. January 30 2014.Richards, Adam. Scalawags in the Civil War Definition, Lesson, & Quiz. Education Portal.January 30 2014.Sansing, David G. Adelbert Ames Twenty-seventh and Thirtieth governor of Mississippi 1868-1870 1874-1876. Mississippi History NOW. Mississippi Historical Society. December 2003. February 5 2014.

Evils of Monarchy and Society in the Works of Mark Twain Essay

The Evils of Monarchy and Society in the Works of patsy bridge In the latter part of his life, Mark duet developed a deep-rooted hatred for society. His aphorisms often radiate this contempt Every superstar is a moon and has a dark side which he shows to no one (Salwen n.pag.). This disdain for humanity eventually seated itself in substitute disapproval for what he called the damned human race. pairs criticism for society appeared in many of his works, growing stronger and stronger as time passed. Hand in kick the bucket with his distaste for society went his hatred for the upper class. In each of his works, Twain creates a theme of appearance versus reality and ultimately brings out his harsh criticism of monarchies. Through such royal criticism, Twain comments on American civilization, attacks societys ideals, and assaults commonly held beliefs. The Prince and the Pauper has often been written off as just other childrens book. It is seen as Twains first experience with historical fiction, which simply led into Twains more(prenominal) famous work, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court. However, Twain starts to show his disapproval of monarchies in this book. Edward, the Prince of England, and a common beggar boy, tomcat canty, switch habilitate and identities, throwing each into a social situation with which he is not familiar. Through the stories of each boy, Twain brings out two themes that reflect his views on monarchy and society. Underlying the adventures of Tom Canty is Twains mockery of the idea that clothes determine a mans place in society. As Twain erst said, Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence in society (Clothes n.pag.). Tom Canty assumes the role of King of Engl... ...n. Boston Twayne, 1988. Lynn, Kenneth S. Afterword to The Prince and the Pauper. Mark Twain Quotations - Clothes. Online Available <http//www.tarleton.edu/schmidt/Clothes.html> (May 22, 1999) Mark Twain Quotations - Monarc hy. Online Available <http//www.tarleton.edu/schmidt/Monarchy.html> (May 22, 1999) Salomon, Roger. B. Twain and the Image of History. Yale University, 1961. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, Vol. 48. Detroit Gale, 1993. Salwen, Peter. The repeatable Mark Twain. Online Available <http//salwen.com/mtquotes.html> (May 4, 1999) Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Tom Doherty, 1985. _____. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court. New York Penguin. _____. The Prince and the Pauper. New York Penguin, 1964.