Brief History Of Databases :: essays research papers

Brief History Of DatabasesIn the 1960s, the procedure of main frame computers became widespread in manycompanies. To access great amounts of stored reading, these companiesstarted to use computer programs like COBOL and FORTRAN. Data accessibility and information sacramental manduction soon became an important feature because of the large amount ofinformation recquired by different departments within trustworthy companies. Withthis system, each application receives its own selective information files. The problems thusassociated with this type of file processing was uncontrolled redundancy,inconsistent information, inflexibility, measly enforcement of standards, and lowprogrammer maintenance.In 1964, MIS (Management Information Systems) was introduced. Thiswould prove to be precise influential towards future bearings of computer systemsand the methods they will use in manipulating data.In 1966, Philip Kotler had the first description of how managers couldbenefit from the powerful capabilities of the electronic computer as amanagement tool.In 1969, Berson actual a marketing information system for marketingresearch. In 1970, the Montgomery urban model was developed stressing thequantitative aspect of management by highlighting a data bank, a model bank, anda measurement statistics bank. All of these factors will be influential onfuture models of storing data in a pool. concord to Martine, in 1981, adatabase is a shared collection of interrelated data designed to meet the needsof multiple types of end users. The data is stored in one location so that theyare independent of the programs that use them, charge in mind data integritywith respect to the approaches to adding new data, modifying data, andretrieving vivacious data. A database is shared and perceived differently bymultiple users. This leads to the arriver of Database Management Systems.These systems first appeared around the 1970=s as solutions to problemsassociated with mainframe compute rs. Originally, pre-database programs accessedtheir own data files. Consequently, similar data had to be stored in otherareas where that certain piece of information was relevant. Simple things likeaddresses were stored in client information files, accounts receivable records,and so on. This created redundancy and inefficiency. Updating files, likestoring files, was also a problem. When a customer=s address changed, all thefields where that customer=s address was stored had to be changed. If a fieldhappened to be missed, and then an inconsistency was created. When requests todevelop new ways to manipulate and summarize data arose, it only added to theproblem of having files attached to specific applications. New system designhad to be done, including new programs and new data file storage methods. The pixilated connection between data files and programs sent the costs for storage and